Ocean observation and prediction provide essential data and insights into ocean and coastal systems—from sea surface temperature and tides to marine biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. These observations, collected via satellites and in situ sensors, combined with predictive models, help scientists and decision-makers anticipate changes and respond effectively. GEO Blue Planet leverages these tools through expert networks and coordinated efforts to support informed, science-based ocean policy and action.

While GEO Blue Planet could engage in a wide range of ocean-related topics, its activities must be strategically focused to ensure impact and resource efficiency. The initiative operates through a structured framework of Thematic Working Groups, formed based on stakeholder demand and resource availability, and aligned with its core action areas: stakeholder engagement, cooperation and co-design, and capacity development. This approach ensures that efforts remain relevant, targeted, and responsive to real-world needs.

Here are some of the ocean and coastal challenges that can be addressed using Ocean observation and prediction.